The Unexpected No. 43 Perry Street

The stepped gable, vehicle bay and white marble facade create an architectural riddle at first glance.

On the quiet Greenwich Village block of Perry Street between Waverly Place and West Fourth Street stands No. 43—an out-of-place structure clad in white marble and touting a carved heraldic emblem, stepped parapet, stained and leaded glass windows and a wide vehicle bay.   It gives the appearance of a former upscale carriage house or perhaps a religious society clubhouse.  Its history is more surprising.

The devious façade pretends to be from the 1840s; but it put on the wrong dress.  An early Victorian neo-Gothic structure in this neighborhood would have been clad in a far less imposing material than marble.  In fact, the rather eye-catching façade was installed in the 1960s; when most architects were looking to Modernism, Brutalism and other streamlined styles.

In the decade prior to the Civil War, No. 43 Perry Street was a rooming house filled with immigrant families.  On Sunday morning, March 7, 1852 Police Officer Westerfield was walking his rounds when he noticed smoke coming from “the second story of a dwelling-house at No. 43 Perry-st., occupied by a large number of poor families,” said The New York Times the following day.

“The inmates being suddenly aroused; great excitement and confusion took place.  Fortunately, the fire was speedily extinguished with a few buckets of water.”

The daughter of one of the families here was looking for work later that year.  An advertisement appeared in the New-York Daily Tribune on June 22, 1852 that read “A respectable girl wants a situation as Cook, Washer and Ironer.”  She said that prospective employers could call “in the rear, first floor, front room, for two days.”

Another boarder living here that year was Thomas Murray.  The Irishman was a construction worker and on November 18 was working on putting a new foundation to an existing frame building at the corner of Hammond (later renamed West 11th) and Bleecker Streets nearby.  At around 2:30 that afternoon Fire Warden Hays inspected the site and, according to the New-York Daily Tribune, “at once saw that it was in a very precarious condition”  He warned the workers not to remove certain stones in the existing foundation wall because of the danger of collapse.  “This prediction, unfortunately, proved too true,” said the newspaper.

About 20 minutes later another worker, Timothy Collins, heard a crack and warned his boss, Daniel Linn.  No one took his warning seriously, including Thomas Murray who was in the excavation.  “The cautious laborer was in the act of ascending upon the cellar wall to the street when the building fell,” reported The New York Times, “and he barely escaped with his life.”

The other men were not so lucky.  Daniel Linn was crushed to death, and Murray “was severely injured, he having received several contusive wounds on different parts of his person,” reported the Tribune.  Timbers had fallen on him; but a police officer, Taylor, “discovering the great danger in which Murray was placed, with an almost superhuman effort, removed the heavy mass of timbers from his body, and this probably saved his life.”

The Times was less optimistic about Murray’s chances.  “Mr. Murray is an aged man residing at No. 43 Perry-street, and it is feared his injuries will terminate fatally.”

Eight years later another tenant named Murray, possibly a relative, suffered a bizarre accident.  In May 1860 John Murray “died in consequent of injuries received by falling from the stoop of his house, No. 43 Perry-street, while laboring under an attack of dizziness,” said The Times on May 8.

The rooming house would not last much longer.  Builder Linus Scudder was busy in the neighborhood, erecting high-end homes.  By 1866 he had constructed two upscale residences for Jeremiah Pangburn at Nos. 54 and 58 Perry Street; and two houses for Walter W. Price at Nos. 61 and 63 Charles Street.  The arrival of merchant class families meant the need for stables.

Scudder first erected a two-story stable in the rear yard of No. 43 Perry; then replaced the old house with a three-story carriage house.  The carriage bay accessed a passage to the rear stables.   The upper floors were apparently leased as residential space.  In 1872 John Rooney listed No. 43 as his address.

In 1885 The New York Times remarked that “Hudson, West Thirteenth, and Gansevoort streets form a triangle which is covered with one and two story stables, produce stores, a coal yard, and E. H. Adickes’s store of willowware, hardware, &c.”   Adicke also ran a coal and wood business from No. 43 Perry, which was no longer being operated as a stable.

When her husband died, Fredericka R. Adickes continued to run the coal and wood business here; as well as another at No. 18 Seventh Avenue.    The businesses went slowly downhill and by October 1898 Fredericka was in trouble.  Knowing that her creditors were closing in, she sold the business to her sons, Eibe, Edward and Frederick; and transferred all her property and possessions to her daughters, Mathilda and Annie, “for a nominal consideration.”  The business name was changed to “the name of Eibe H. Adickes, and the same appears on their wagons and remains thereon at president,” said court documents in 1900.  Fredericka Adicke was certain she could relax because she was now legally insolvent.

Her creditors felt differently.   The entire family was taken to court and the decision was that they “in concert, did, by connivance, conspiracy, and combination, cheat and defraud the plaintiff.”   It was the end of the Adicke wood and coal operation at No. 43 Perry Street.

The fanciful architecture with its heraldic decoration is far removed from the structure Fredericka Adickes knew.

The building was taken over by Albert C. Jetter and Albert S. Longwell for not only their “stable and office;”  but The City Record in 1906 documented Jetter’s office was for his business “to sell milk,” and that his licensed wagon was also “to sell milk.”  Longwell’s listing was the same.

An advertisement appeared a year late in The Tammany Times for “I C Jetter Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Milk.”  The operation would remain in the building for years and in 1917 was incorporated as the Jetter Dairy Company.

In 1918 “The Milk Fight” broke out between the Dairymen’s League and the Milk Conference Board of Retailers.   The Conference Board realized that by importing milk from the Midwest they could save money.  Early in January 1919 Governor A. E. Smith convened a meeting to hear both sides of the fight.

On January 8 the Dairymen’s League placed a long advertisement in The Evening World saying that while in Albany, “They will endeavor, however, to save the 700,000 cows owned by their 62,000 members from destruction, which must surely come if the dairy farmers cannot get the Conference Board Retailers to pay the cost of production prices for milk.  They will also continue, as best they can, every endeavor to bring in free milk for the benefit of children, invalids and others who must have it.”

The ad listed Jetter Dairy Company as among the “fair-minded retailers and wholesalers in and about New York who are ready to sell you pure, inspected, nutritious, Up-State milk (not stale, Western, long-freighted milk).”

By the beginning of the 1930s Jetter Dairy Company had left Perry Street, moving far upstate to Madison County, New York.  When Jane Wassey purchased No. 43 in 1948, it was described as a “three-story brick dwelling.”  While converted to residential space, the structure itself was not highly valued.  That year the property was assessed at $17,000, only $4,000 of which was the building.

Wassey resold the building in 1951 to Austin Beton.   He installed a store on the first floor with a spacious duplex apartment above.  But his upgrading of No. 43 would be nothing like the two year project initiated by owner B. Doing in 1965.  Architect Simon Zelnick veneered the façade in white marble and created a Gothic inspired fantasy home.   A third renovation was completed in June 1992 that updated the single family house.  Where the carriage bay had been—and later Beton’s store—was now the homeowner’s personal garage.

Leaded panes with stained glass insets add to the charm.

The building that was assessed in 1948 for $17,000 sold relatively recently for $3 million.  It is a refreshing and surprising presence on the Perry Street block—the type of structure around which popular, if inaccurate, Village lore arises.

photos by the author

The Thomas Mulry House -- No. 10 Perry Street

photo by Alice Lum

As Greenwich Village expanded, a handsome row of seven brick-faced homes was erected in 1849 on Perry Street.  Among them was No. 10 which, like its identical neighbors, was three stories tall over a rusticated brownstone basement.  Intended for an upper-middle class family its conservative details demanded little attention.  The cast iron fencing and stoop railings of the row were, however, especially handsome.  Floor-to-ceiling casement windows at the parlor floor could be thrown open in the summer heat for cooling evening breezes.

No. 10 became home to the family of Thomas Bell.  It was possibly this Thomas Bell who petitioned the Board of Assistants in 1852 “to be paid for bell-ringing in Twenty-second-street.”

The parlor of the Perry Street house was the scene of the funeral of Bell’s son-in-law on Friday the 13^th in 1855.  David E. Hill was just 33 years old at the time of his death.  Five years later Bell’s 23-year old daughter, Elizabeth, who had married William Graham, also died prematurely.  Her funeral, too, was held in the house; this one on Saturday morning, March 31, 1860 at 8:00.

The house soon changed hands relatively quickly.  In 1865 the Clay family was living here when T. Clay was inducted into service in the Civil War on March 17.  His was among the 1,100 names drawn in the draft lottery that day.

By November 6, 1867 the residence was home to the George J. Ackerman and his wife Julia.  On that day George Groesbeck Ackerman, their only child, was born in the house.  Little George was born into a family with venerable roots.  His mother was a descendant of the Groesbecks, early settlers of Fort Orange, New York—later renamed Albany.  On his father’s side he was related to the Dutch Van Der Beek family.

The infant George bore not only his father’s, but his grandfather’s name.  George N. Ackerman, his grandfather, was the owner of the large Ackerman Planing Mill.  When the family moved from Perry Street around 1889 to Hackensack, New Jersey (to “a handsome residence in Union Street,” as described by The New York Times later), the aging grandfather would join them.

Replacing the Ackermans on Perry Street was the Mulry family.  Devout Irish-Catholics, Thomas Maurice Mulry’s father (also named Thomas M. Mulry) and uncles arrived in New York from Ireland in the 1840s.  They earned their living as hard-working construction laborers know as “cellar-diggers.”  Thomas Mulry, Sr. met and fell in love with Parthenia M. Crolius.  They married, despite the objections of her father, Clarkson Crolius.  According to the New-York Tribune later, “He came of Dutch and Quaker stock, and, being a stanch Protestant, was strongly opposed to the marriage of his daughter to the young Irish Catholic.”  Crolius was, no doubt, even more deeply concerned when Parthenia converted to Catholicism at the time of the marriage.

There would eventually be 14 children in the Mulry household.  Four sons would go on to become priests and two daughters would become nuns. 

Thomas Mulry Sr. eventually opened his own construction firm.  Proudly naming it Thomas Mulry & Son, he brought young Thomas into the business when the boy was 17.  In 1868 it was the Mulry construction firm that laid the foundations for the new Tammany headquarters on 14^thStreet.

By the time Thomas Mulry, Jr. moved his family into No. 10 Perry Street, the construction firm was highly successful.  His strong Catholic upbringing led to his appointment as president of his parish council and secretary of the Superior Council of New York.  Through his work he became close friends with Archbishop Michael Corrigan.

Thomas and Mary Mulry’s pious lives and their active work within the church would not fend off tragedy.  On May 20, 1901 their 18-year old son Thomas G. A. Mulry died.  His funeral was held in the house two days later at 10:30 in the morning.  Just one year later, in May 1902, Parthenia Mulry died, followed on June 18 by Thomas and Mary’s infant daughter.

At the time Mulry held the position of President of the St. Vincent de Paul Society.  He was highly-regarded for his unbiased, non-political approach to issues and that year was appointed by Mayor Low to serve on the committee to investigate the Rabbi Joseph funeral riot.  Following the General Slocum disaster, Mayor McClellan appointed him a member of the committee to receive relief funds for the surviving families.

On June 18, 1905, a few months after daughter Parthenia left the house to enter the convent of Mount St. Vincent Academy “with the intention of becoming a nun,” according to The Evening World, Mulry was approached again.  Mayor McClellan asked him to accept the position of Tenement-House Commissioner.  The Evening World called Mulry “sturdily independent and well fitted for the place,” and said “Although Mr. Mulry’s business interests are heavy and all his spare time is taken up with his charitable work, it is believed he will make great personal sacrifices and take the place.”

The newspaper described him saying, “he is one of the leading contractors of the city.  He has been interested in charitable works ever since his boyhood and to-day is the head of the most powerful and far-reaching charitable organization in The World.”

The house on Perry Street would be the scene of a remarkable reunion a month later.  The five Mulry brothers came together to celebrate the ordination of Joseph Mulry into the priesthood.  Rev. Patrick F. X. Mulry traveled from the West Indies for the reunion.  Now all of the brothers, other than Thomas, were Catholic priests.

On January 20, 1906, as though he did not have enough on his plate already, Thomas M. Mulry was named President of the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank, called by The Sun “one of the greatest of the savings institutions of the country.”  By now, in addition to his presidency of the superior council of the St. Vincent de Paul Society, he was a member of the central council of the Charity Organization Society, first vice-president of the National Conference of Charities and Correction, and a former president of the New York State Conference of Charities and Correction.  He also sat on the governing board of the New York Catholic Protectory, the Mission of the Immaculate Virgin, and several other prominent Catholic institutions.

photo The Sun, January 21, 1906 (copyright expired)

Mulry’s daughter Parthenia Mary Mulry died on April, 18, 1910.  The nun had developed two abscesses on the head and neck and died following two operations.  Three weeks later Thomas M. Mulry was near death himself.

About the time of the funeral Mulry tripped over a footstool in the dark in his bedroom and suffered a severe head wound.  Dr. Charles H. Lewis treated him for several days before he noticed that Mulry had developed typhoid fever.  He was immediately taken to St. Vincent’s Hospital.  On May 6 The New York Timesreported that he was still “seriously ill;” however Dr. Lewis reported that “while Mr. Mulry’s condition was serious, there were hopes for his recovery unless complications set in.”

Mulry did recover and on Valentine’s Day 1911 saw his daughter Margaret’s wedding to Dr. Charles A. Monagan in the Church of St. Francis Xavier.  The couple was married by Margaret’s uncle, Rev. Joseph A. Mulry, and her sister Mary was her maid of honor.  The Evening World reported that “Many prominent members of the clergy were among the throng of friends and relatives who witnessed the ceremony.”

Thomas Mulry’s charitable work was rewarded when Pope Pius X made him a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great; followed on May 12, 1912 by Cardinal John Murphy Farley’s presenting him with the Laetare Medal, awarded by the University of Notre Dame.  It was the highest honor within the Church in America.  Although Mulry had requested a “quiet presentation, either at the chapel of the Cathedral College or, privately at the Cardinal’s residence,” Cardinal Farley decided on something more impressive.  More than 1,500 persons attended the ceremony at the Cathedral College.

On May 4, 1913 the New-York Tribune reported that the 58-year old Mulry was resting at his home after suffering “heart trouble” a few days earlier.  “It was said last night that his condition was by no means serious,” said the newspaper.

Calling him “one of the best-known Catholics in New York,” The New York Times added “in ten days or two weeks, it was thought, he would recover enough to permit of his being moved to the country to recuperate.”

No. 10 Perry Street survived the extension of 7th Avenue in 1914 by feet.  Close inspection reveals that the brownstone stoop actually curls over the property line of the "new" adjoining structure.  photo by Alice Lum

The resilient Thomas M. Mulry indeed recuperated and on November 20, 1915 was installed as head of the Superior Council of the United States of the St. Vincent de Paul Society.  The position would be short-lived, however.  On March 10, 1916 he died of pneumonia in the house on Perry Street. 

Two days earlier he had returned home feeling ill.  During the night his condition worsened and Drs. Weeks and Maguire were called.  They diagnosed pneumonia.  The following day, according to The New York Times, “Mr. Mulry sank rapidly and early in the afternoon his family were notified that there was no hope.”  When he died not only was his entire family at his bedside, so were Cardinal Farley; Monsignor Mooney, Vicar General of the Archdioces; Father Malick Fitzpatrick, rector of the Church of St. Francis Xavier; and Father Thomas White, rector of the Mission of the Immaculate Virgin.

At the time charges of improprieties had been leveled at some of the charities he headed.  The Sun reported on March 21 “In the investigation into the State Board of Charities recently it was intimated that Mr. Mulry’s death was hastened by the charges made against certain charitable institutions.”

New Yorkers were surprised to find that Mulry’s estate was nothing near what was expected.  Apparently much of his fortune had been exhausted in his philanthropies.  “It was supposed that he was very wealthy,” said The Sun.  Instead his estate amounted to $18,000; $17,000 of which was the value of real estate and the remainder in personal property.  The total estate would amount to about $340,000 today.

The high esteem Thomas M. Mulry had earned was reflected on June 17, 1920 when the small park nearby was named Mulry Square.  The ceremony was attended by approximately 5,000 people including Archbishop Patrick J. Hayes and Mayor John F. Hylan.  Daughter Mary Mulry, who still lived in the Perry Street house, was there as the Police Glee Club sang and the Fire Department Band played.

Mary Mulry stayed in the family house until about 1925.  By 1927 it was home to several tenants, one of which was the mother of Hollywood screenwriter and producer Tony Veiller.

The house would make an appearance in Victor D. Lopez’s poem “Of Pain and Ecstasy” as a symbol of home and safety.

My children will never live off charity as long as my back is strong” was your

Reply.  You resented your husband for putting politics above family and

Dragging you and your two daughters, from your safe, comfortable home at

Number 10 Perry Street near the Village to a Galicia without hope.

Today Thomas Mulry's Perry Street house has been lovingly restored as a private home once again.  Meticulously maintained, it appears little changed from the days when one of Manhattan's most important lay Catholics and respected businessmen lived here with his family.